Nutrition in old age – tips for those in need of care

A balanced diet is important at any age – but it plays a key role in health, mobility and quality of life, especially in old age. When a person becomes dependent on care, new challenges arise: a loss of appetite, chewing and swallowing problems or limited independence can make eating more difficult. Relatives are often faced with the question of how they can best organise the nutrition of their family members in need of care.

In this article, we provide practical tips on nutrition in old age and show how people in need of care can eat healthily and enjoyably.

Why is nutrition particularly important in old age?

As we get older, our metabolism slows down, which reduces our energy requirements. At the same time, the need for important nutrients remains high or even increases. Protein in particular is essential for maintaining muscle mass, as the body builds muscle less efficiently in old age. Vitamins and minerals also play an important role: they strengthen the immune system, support bone health and promote mental performance.

A balanced diet can help to counteract physical breakdown processes, prevent illness and improve well-being. For people in need of care in particular, it is important to ensure an adequate supply of nutrients in order to prevent deficiency symptoms and health problems.

Important nutrients for older people

To ensure a healthy diet in old age, special attention should be paid to certain nutrients.

Protein helps to maintain muscle strength and strengthens the immune system. Good sources of protein are dairy products, eggs, pulses, fish, poultry, nuts and seeds.

Fibre is essential for healthy digestion. It promotes intestinal health and prevents constipation. Wholemeal products, vegetables, pulses and fruit are particularly rich in fibre.

Omega-3 fatty acids help to regulate the tension of the blood vessels and keep them flexible, they regulate blood lipid levels and have an anti-inflammatory effect. They are mainly found in oily fish such as salmon, mackerel and herring, as well as in linseed oil, walnuts and chia seeds.

Vitamin D and calcium are essential for the immune system and bone health. In addition to dairy products, green vegetables such as broccoli and kale are also good sources of calcium. The body can produce vitamin D itself with the help of sunlight. People in need of care often have low vitamin D levels all year round as they get outside less and their skin is often covered. As a result, they lack the necessary sun exposure that is crucial for the body’s own production of vitamin D. Supplementation may be necessary all year round.

Challenges in the nutrition of people in need of care

People in need of care often face particular challenges when it comes to eating.

Many older people lose their sense of hunger and thirst and therefore eat less. This can lead to malnutrition and dehydration. In addition, chewing and swallowing problems can make food intake more difficult, especially if dental problems or neurological diseases are present.

Limited independence is also a hurdle. People who can no longer cook or eat for themselves are dependent on support. There are fixed meal structures in care facilities, but in home care, relatives often have to find solutions themselves to ensure a regular and balanced diet.

Tips for a healthy diet for those in need of care

Stimulate appetite and structure meals

To stimulate the appetite, it is helpful to stick to fixed meal times and organise meals in an appealing way. Colourful plates with fresh ingredients often stimulate the appetite. Incorporating traditional dishes or favourite foods can also help older people to enjoy eating again.

Eating together in company not only promotes food intake, but also social well-being. Accompanying relatives in need of care at mealtimes can also motivate them to eat and drink enough.

Ensure fluid intake

Many older people drink too little because their thirst decreases. Insufficient fluid intake can lead to confusion and circulatory problems. Drinks should therefore always be within reach and offered regularly. Soups, unsweetened teas or diluted juices can also help to stabilise the fluid balance.

If swallowing is difficult, there are special thickening powders that make liquids more viscous and reduce the risk of choking.

Gentle preparation and customised food

Food should be prepared as gently as possible so that nutrients are preserved as much as possible. Steaming or steaming is better than frying or deep-frying. People who have difficulty chewing or swallowing can opt for softly cooked or pureed food.

Finger food is a good alternative for people with motor impairments, as it is easy to grasp and eat.

High-calorie food for underweight people

If an elderly person is losing a lot of weight or showing signs of malnutrition, a high-energy diet can help. High-calorie foods such as avocados, nuts, cream or butter can be used in small quantities. In some cases, high-calorie drinkable food can also be useful, which can be prescribed after consultation with a doctor.

Adapt nutrition to individual needs

Everyone has individual nutritional needs. Anyone suffering from a chronic illness such as diabetes needs an adapted diet with reduced sugar content and complex carbohydrates. Specialised diets that meet the respective needs are also useful for kidney disease or dementia. Health insurance companies cover the costs of nutrition plans and counselling based on a doctor’s prescription.

Practical support for relatives

Family carers often have to spend a lot of time and energy ensuring that their family members in need of care are fed. However, there are various support services that can provide relief.

Meal delivery services such as ‘meals on wheels’ deliver warm, senior-friendly meals to the home and make it easier to provide a regular and balanced diet.

Specialised aids can also make eating easier. Drinking aids, non-slip plates or ergonomically shaped cutlery are particularly helpful for people with motor impairments.

Care insurance benefits can also be used to ensure sufficient food intake through personal support. Relatives can take part in special free care courses, e.g. to learn how to serve food.

Conclusion: enjoyable and healthy eating in old age

A balanced diet makes a decisive contribution to health and quality of life in old age – even if you need care. Customised nutrition, suitable aids and, if necessary, professional support can ensure that people in need of care are well looked after.

If you have any questions or need support in organising your relative’s diet, please contact the Viva Family Service – we will be happy to help you! The only requirement is that your employer co-operates with Viva FamilienService.